( A) A multi-probe single-actuator (MPSA) microdrive with independently movable probes. Sequential electronically controlled probe gripping and piezo extension and contraction (described in Figure 2) are used to translate the probe (white dashed arrow points to the probe tip) in either direction (up or down), as shown in F(i)–(v) and Video 1. The top board is fixed while the bottom board is movable by the motion of the voltage-controlled piezo actuator. Two parallel PCBs, each with the installed microgrippers, are aligned along the probe axis and joined by a single piezo actuator. Schematic ( E) and photos ( F) of the inchworm motor.
( D) Photograph of the top view of the heating coil installed into the PCB. ( C) Photograph of the fabricated heating coil before it is placed into the board. The PCM can be maintained in the microgripper through capillary action and does not exit the bore. When the coil is on ( B), PCM is in the liquid state, and the probe in the microgripper is ‘released’ and can be moved axially through the bore. With the heating coil off ( A), PCM is in the solid state, and the probe is ‘gripped’. A probe is placed through the coil bore, and the bore is filled with a temperature-responsive phase change material (PCM). A resistive heating coil is installed in a printed circuit board (PCB) via.